Sleep Theory

In our everyday life sleeping is one of the most important task. Many sleep more and many sleep less. The great scientist Thomas Alba Edison said sleep is nothing but waste and he used to sleep 4 hours in a day. In opposite Albert Einstein used to sleep 10 hours in a day. Since in our 24 hours day we need to sleep, so we should know the importance of this. We think if we don't sleep we can do much work but it has no so much benefit. When anyone sleep less he always remain in mope situation. A research state that in United States in every year people around five thousand died because of less sleep. Many years ago people worked in daylight and for rest they wait for night. Discovery of light now people take night as day. Nowadays world don't sleep in night. Today night is the time for amusement and for that many people work hard everyday. Research said that people fell in sleep in their work time.

Figure 1. Sleeping baby. source: Pixabay

Sleep Analysis

World two most nuclear accident happened in Chernobyl and Three Mile Island occurred in dawn at the time when people are tired because of no sleep. Accident occurred there because researcher who worked in night can't catch the danger signal. In modern world we always run, we forget to take rest. We tried to sleep less for muck work but scientists discovered that,there is no space of hide from sleep. Every men should sleep how much required for him or her, otherwise he or she will pay cost for that. First Medicine sector take interest in research aspects of sleep. In 1931 a German psychiatrist named as Hans Berger first tried to measure signal of human brain by connecting electrode. He(Hans Berger) observed that when people is not in sleep electric signal of the brain is more quaky. And when in sleep pulsating lessen but signals become bigger. In a words one can tell whether anyone is in sleep or not by measuring their electric signals. Harvard University scientists said sleep has different stages and in different stages the EEG of human brain also fixed. When anyone is in great sleep, something very special criteria happened. After two decade this criteria is found by a research team of University of Chicago in sleep laboratory. They found when anyone sleep is diverted from deep to light then suddenly their eyebrow begin to shake and electric signal of brain is also speedy. This stage is called as Rapid Eye Movement(REM).

Figure 2. EEG of sleeping mechanism. source: Wikimedia license: Public domain

At this stage when you wake up someone they said they were in dream. Sometimes in sleep stage our brain run totally along with our body. The picture shows different stages of sleep. When you lay down your bed and you feel like fall in sleep at the time electric signal of brain stays around eight to twelve second, this is called Alpha stage. The stage when signal of human brain gets lower around four to eight is called as Theta stage or primary stage of sleep. In this stage people stays ten second to ten minutes. If u tried to wake someone at this stage people can easily wake up. From Theta stage people enter next stage and this stage one can stay around ten minutes to twenty minutes thus this stage called the real stage for sleep. At this stage people forget about their surroundings. From second stage to third stage delta waves slowly come close to theta waves. In the meantime theta waves vanished and big delta waves stage come, this stage called forth stage or deep sleep stage. Wake up from fourth stage one totally forget about surroundings. When people is in deep sleep then temperature,heart bit and breathing started to go less. At this stage human blood circulation remain low. Human growth raising spread fast at this stage, for this stage need badly for babies body build up. People goes back to previous stage after 30 to 40 minutes sleep. This is reverse cycle like 4th to 3rd to 2nd but from 2nd stage people enter on Rapid Eye Movement(REM) stage. Human blood movement, heart bit and breathe activate just like wake up stage. In this stage he thinks about dream. This stage remain 10 minutes and again people goes 2nd to 3rd even in fourth stage. This cycle periodically from 90 minutes to 1 hour 20 minutes. This is shown by below figure 3.

Figure 3. Sleep pattern diagram. source: Wikimedia license: CC BY-SA 3.0 author Markus Mueller

Rapid Eye Movement is very necessary for everyone.Scientists proved whatever people learn whole day, people can decorate everything in sleep beautifully. That means Neuron is connected smoothly. That's why in brain much work happened. If anyone see the signal of brain,he will see the brain is still work though people is in sleep. This phenomena of human brain is done by Rapid Eye Movement(REM) stage.

General Statement

people who are concern about their sleeping time,they should consult throughout on this with healthcare provider.

9 hours for sleeping time is appropriate for adult, individuals recovering from sleep debt, and individuals with illness.Others have to maintain sleeping more than 9 hours in night is harmful to health.

Adult should sleep more than 7 hours per night and sleeping less than 7 hours associated with weight gain and obesity,diabetes,including hypertension,heart disease and stroke,depression and increase risk of health.

A Methodology Focus on Sleeping

Healthy sleep is required for every human being. Most importantly it requires adequate duration,good quality and appropriate timing. Sleep duration is most importantly related to health. the US Department of Health and Human Services created a Sleep Health Objective to “increase the proportion of adults who get sufficient sleep” in Healthy People 2020, a initiative to improve human's health. To develop a recommendation on sleep duration and it's range that promotes optimal health aged around to 18 to 60 years is investigated by a 15 member panel of experts in sleep medicine and research using modified RAND appropriateness method. The expert mainly focused on relationship between sleep duration and health using a set of National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and no date restrictions, which resulted in a total 5314 articles. The panel investigate major 9 health categories with evidence in relation to sleep duration,cardiovascular health, metabolic health, mental health, immune function, human performance, cancer, pain,mortality and general health. For this the panel need over a 12 month period and concluded with a conference held in February 2015 in Chicago, Illinois.

Argument and future Direction

From the evidence we can say that for adult like 18 to 60 ages should sleep 7 hours or more than that is helpful for health on regular basis. Genetic, behavioral, medical, and environmental factors are influencing in sleep for individual variability. Furthermore A clearer understanding of the sleep is needed for all. This evidences will create a foundation to raise awareness and understanding of sleep effects on health. The recommendations are,

Public should be educated and healthcare providers on the basis of adequate sleep duration for health.

Encouraging people on importance of sleep duration.

Conference on adequate sleep duration, thereby informing public policy.

Investigation and research should promote on sleep duration for health and well-being.

REFERENCE

Science fiction book by Dr Zafar Iqbal.

American Sleep Association. What is sleep? Retrieved from ASA article

Cendron, M. (1999). Primary nocturnal enuresis: Current concepts. American Family Physician.

Purves, D., Augustine, G.J., Fitzpatrich, D., et al. (2001). Neuroscience, 2nd edition. NCBI Bookshelf. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.

US Department of Health and Human ServicesSleep Health Objectives, 201536 Available from: https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/sleep-health/objectives.

OCEBM Levels of Evidence Working GroupThe Oxford Levels of Evidence 2. [cited February 9, 2015] Available from: http://www.cebm.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/CEBM-Levels-of-Evidence-2.1.pdf.