Scripting languages basically can be executed without being compiled. Scripts are interpreted by interpreters. Interpreters use line by line execution. Compilers convert high-level language into machine code whereas interpreters generate an intermediate code and execute it. For example, Python Interpreter was written in C language. So all the systems which can compile C language can also run python. Based on where scripts are used there are two types 1. Client-side scripting 2. Server-side scripting.

Here are some of the widely used scripting languages and their uses.

JavaScript

Javascript is Client-Side scripting language which is widely used currently.

Machine Learning
Web app development
Cross-site scripting

The main advantage of Javascript-based apps is the portability(Cross Platform).

PHP

PHP is a server-side scripting language. It is one of the easiest and fastest scripting languages.

User Authentication
Plugin creation
PHP Daemons
Adding Graphics
REST Services
Web development (Backend)

PHP can also be used for running scripts on systems. Eg: Automatic downloading and storing from remote resources.

Perl

Perl is one of the oldest languages used today. It is very useful in Linux environments. It has powerful regular expressions. It is a server-side scripting language.

Used for developing hacking tools
Nikto(tool)
Onesixtyone(tool)
snmpenum(tool)
adminfinder(tool)
For sending SQL scripts from the backend to the database.
For CGI programming
Network Programming
System Administration

Python

It is currently the scripting language with many applications. It is also used as a general programming language. It is used for server-side scripting.

Web development
Data science
machine learning
cryptography
Artificial Intelligence
Computer Vision
Game development
Web Crawler
Web Frameworks
Natural language processing
Operating system Design

Learning programming languages along with uses helps in developing innovative ideas.

Good Luck !...